Magnetism | Notes for Exam | Physics | Sanghatikid

 1. DISCOVERY

The natural magnet was discovered by a shepherd boy. Actually, that natural magnet was an ore of iron which got stuck to the axe of the shepherd boy. That ore of iron is called magnetite or lodestone. 

2. WHAT IS MAGNET?

A magnet is a piece of iron or any other magnetic object which gets attract to another magnetic object. 

3. WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MAGNET?

There are two important properties of magnet. They are:

a. ATTRACTIVE PROPERTY- The magnet attracts small pieces of iron towards itself. This property is known as attractive property.

b. DIRECTIVE PROPERTY- If a magnet is suspended freely, then the magnet will always point at geographic north-south direction. This property is called directive property.

The other important property of a magnet are as follows:

a. A magnet has two poles- North pole and South pole.

b. The space around a magnet is known as magnetic field.

c. The direction of magnetic field is found as a direction along which the north pole of a magnetic compass would move.

d. The strength of a magnet is commonly explained by the magnetic field lines.

e. The field lines run from South pole to North pole inside a magnet.

f. The field lines tends to contract longitudinally. That is, the field lines bend along the length and are space loosely near the middle of a magnet. For this reason the middle of a magnet have minimum strength.

4.WHAT IS ATTRACTION AND REPULSION OF A MAGNET?

a. ATTRACTION- When two magnets get attracted by each other, then this is called attraction of a magnet. Always north pole and South pole attracts each other.

b. REPULSION- when two magnets repel each other, then this is called repulsion. Always same direction that is North pole-North pole and South pole-South pole repel each other.

5. WHY REPULSION IS THE SUREST TEST OF MAGNETISM?

 A magnet can attract another magnet or a magnetic substance. So, by attraction we can't find whether a substance is magnet or magnetic substance. But a magnet can repels only another magnet. So, repulsion is a surest test of magnetism.

6. STATE SOME BASIC LAWS OF MAGNETISM.

There are some laws of magnetism. They are as follows: 

a. A magnet can attract only a magnetic object such as iron, steel, cobalt, nickel etc. 

b. When a magnet is suspended freely it always points in north-south direction.

c. Opposite poles of a magnet attract each other and similar poles of a magnet repel each other.

d. Repulsion is the surest test of magnetism.

e. The strength of a magnet is more near its end poles.

7. HOW CAN I MAKE MY OWN MAGNET?

There are several methods for making a magnet such a 'single touch method', 'double touch method' etc. However, the most easiest method is is the single touch method. It is described under:

Step 1- take a rectangular flat piece of iron AB and place it on a flat table. 

Step 2- At the end a place the north pole of a permanent bar magnet. 

Step 3- Rub the magnet over iron from A to B, without lifting it.

Step 4- at the end belief the magnet and again place it at the end a and repeat it 20 to 30 times.

Step 5- Now remove the permanent bar magnet. And test the end A of the bar magnet by bringing it near the north pole of freely suspended magnetic needle. 

             You will notice that north pole of magnetic needle gets repelled. This proves that the flat piece of iron has been magnetized. Similarly, you can magnetise an iron pin, a steel blade, a steel scale, a sewing needle etc.

8. PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING A MAGNET.

1. If you have made or rough handled or heat a magnet then it will lose its magnetism. 

2. Don't place it near any electronic gadgets with very sensitive and powerful magnet. Like computers, televisions, music systems etc. So be careful. If you place then the magnets will be demagnetized.

3. It has been found that magnets lose their magnetism, if kept without any protection. Keep the bar magnets in pairs in a wooden box, separated by a piece of wood such that the opposite in face each other. In case of a horseshoe magnet a piece of soft iron should be placed at its end.

How can I write an perfect essay? | Do's and Don'ts | Sanghatikid

 WHAT IS AN ESSAY?

An essay is a piece of writing that methodically analyses and evaluates a topic or issue. Fundamentally, an essay is designed to get an opinion on a particular matter. An essay is not just a bunch of words, or even a bunch of paragraphs. An essay fits everything together; it points in one direction. It leads to one conclusion. This is what makes an essay different from, say an article.

How can I prepare myself for an essay?

If you are not at ease with the topic, then the mind would stop working. The ideas should not flow and the points would be limited. So, always certain yourself- " Yes, I can do it!" And while writing- " Yes, I am writing good." This will boost your confidence also. Think of a way to make it unique and interesting. Remember regular writing would lead to good writing.

* If you start writing diary then your word limit will increase. 📔📒

DRAFTING AN ESSAY

First and the foremost is to read the topic more than once to make sure none of the important details have been missed. Also, this will enhance the comfort level with the topic. Give it a thought before going any further. No matter what the topic is, write confidently. 

BRAINSTORMING IDEAS

You can make an mind map of yours essay before writing it. From this you can get more effective and useful points.

Roughly evaluate the following aspects:

1. Ask questions with WH questions- Who, what, when, why, where, whom how, which.

2. Think about causes and effects of the topic.

3. Cultural, social, economical and religious aspects.

4. You can write also quotes, sayings and proverbs. 

These above essentials should be focused broadly so the points of the essay become logical, precise and effective.

FRAMEWORK

After preparing the mind map, read the points again to analyse what to write. Number the points in a sequence. Choose some flexible and logical lines to write in the essay.

INTRODUCTION OF AN ESSAY

Always remember that the first line of the paragraph should be significant and interesting. It is the first impression of the examiner. Utmost care and thought process should be devoted for a perfect starting line of an essay. The introductory paragraph should begin with an interesting sentence, followed by sentences that outline what you desire to express in the essay. 

1. The introductory paragraph could also be a brief summary of the essay in an captivating manner.

2. The starting information must be true and verifiable and it need not to be totally new to your readers. It could simply be a appropriate fact that clearly says the point you wish to make.

3. The most common concern amongst the student is whether to start an essay with a quote or not. It is implied by the students that a court at the start yeilds more marks. 

THE BODY OF THE ESSAY

Arrange and rearrange the points thought in a logical order so as to keep the most valuable and powerful point at the last and at the first. The majority of an essay consists in body paragraphs. You should write the main information in this body of the essay. Don't write too long sentences.

HOW TO WRITE CONCLUSION OF AN ESSAY?

The conclusion is the last paragraph of an essay. It brings closure to the reader. It is not merely a summary of your points restatement of your essay. You can finish conclusion with these following consideration points:

1. You can recommend a specific course of action.

2. You can write the result of the essay.

3. Try to end your essay on a positive and optimistic conclusion.

4. The concluding paragraph can be bulky and in a summarising tone but it should not be forced.

                      Now comes the finishing touch. You should check and recheck your writing. You should polished your language by correcting the grammar checking spelling errors and making sentences flow. 

POINTS TO REMEMBER WHILE WRITING AN ESSAY:

1. You can use one sentence to introduce every paragraph to follow. 

2. You should avoid short forms in an essay.

3. You are writing should be creative but be selective in using sources. 

4. You can use words or phrases at the start of each paragraph that will indicate to the reader how it relates to the previous paragraph. 

5. If you are writing any scientific essay then explain the key scientific concepts clearly.

DO'S✔️

1. Read the instruction and make sure you understood them before you start writing.

2. Don't cross the word limit. Right how much it is given.

3. While writing the introductory paragraph, be aware of danger of writing too much on that introductory paragraph only. 

DON'TS❌

1. Don't fill your essay with unnecessary words and phrases. Writing unnecessary words can increase the length of an essay but will decrease the marks.

2. Avoid writing very long sentences. 

3. Don't narrate a long story in the essay.

                           

Rainbow | 15 Interesting and Scientific Facts | Sanghatikid

 1. In the 1660s, Isaac Newton invented rainbow by the series of experiments with sunlight and prism.

2. Rainbow is a refraction of colours- violet, Indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. It is a symbol of promise, gratitude and positive thoughts. 

3. The rainbow got its name from its shape. It is an arc which looks similar to a bow.

4. Rainbows are formed when the rays coming from sun strike the raindrops falling from rain clouds. We can see mostly after rain storm.

5. Always rainbows appear in the opposite direction of the Sun.

6. No two people can see a same rainbow. 

7. A rainbow is not an arc shape. Actually it is a full circle. We see it in an arc shape because we see it  from the ground. No one can see a full rainbow from the ground because each person's horizon is a little different.

8. A human can see 5 natural rainbows at once in the sky. It is very rare. 5 rainbows at once in the sky       was reported in 250 years. 

9. An easy way to remember the colours of the rainbow is VIBGYOR. All the letters are the first letter     of the colours of the rainbow in a sequence. 

10. A rainbow arc is measure 42 degree angle. 

11. When the sun is higher, the rainbow will be lower in the sky and vice versa.

12. Earth is the only planet where rainbows are possible because here water is present.

☺

13. We cannot see rainbows during winter as the raindrops freeze into snowflakes and very        few raindrops fall.

14. We can make artificial rainbows by many methods as it is only a refraction of light.

15. We can see four colours- red, yellow, green and blue during the renaissance.

Facts about EYE, EAR, NOSE, SKIN, TONGUE | Sense Organs | Sanghatikid

 Facts about sense organs are:

1. EYE: A. The eye is the fastest muscle in human body.

             B. Human eye can focus on 50 different objects every second.

             C. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million different colours. The human eye is most sensitive to colour green.

             D. The only organ more complex then the eye is brain.

             E. It is impossible to sneeze without your eyes. Because pressure released from a sneeze cause an eyeball to pop out even if your eyes are open.

2. EAR: A. Your inner ears are responsible for your hearing and the balance of the body.

              B. The highest possible frequency hour year can listen without discomfort is 20000 hz. And the lowest is 20 hz.

              C. The smallest bones in the human body- INCUS, MALLEUS and STAPES- are present in the ear(middle).

              D. Inside your ears the tiny hairs help you hear and keep your balance. Damaged hair cells in your ears can lead to hear loss.

              E. Cochlea, the innermost part of a ear sizes of a pea!

3. NOSE: A. Our nose gets bigger for Rhinophyma.

                 B. Our nose cleans, regulates and humidifies the air you breathe. 

                C. Men have larger nose than women.(AVERAGE)

                D. The roof of the mouth is also called as the floor of the nasal cavity.

                E. It also provide us warning, like the scent of burning.

4. SKIN: A. In average, there are 35 billion cells in a human skin.

               B. 16% of our body is skin.

               C. The skin colour is determined by the cells of the epidermis.

               D. Most adults' skin weighs in at 20 ponds or more. 

               E. The average adult has approximately 21 square feet of skin.

5. TONGUE: A. Approximately a human tongue for woman is 7.9 cm and for men is 8.5 cm.

                      B. We can find five different tastes in our tongue. They are sweet, salty, bitter, sour and Savory.

                      C. The average person has about 10,000 taste buds. They are replaced every two weeks or so.

                       D. The tongue is covered with moist, pink tissue called mucosa.

                       E. Without tongue, we cannot speak.

 

DIWALI | Essay on Diwali | Food, Date(2020), Celebration, Decoration | Diwali Special | Sanghatikid

      The festival of light is Diwali. It is the Indian festival celebrated mostly celebrated in Amritsar, Udaipur, Varanasi, Kolkata, Jaipur and Delhi. This festival is celebrated in the name of goddess Kali. It is the festival of lights and every Indian celebrates it with joy. This year, 2020, Diwali is celebrated on 14 November that is Saturday.

      Diwali is also known as Dipawali. It symbolises the victory of good over evils. It is celebrated 20 days after lord Ram killed Ravana and received Sita from captivity in Lanka. The celebration marks the return of lord Ram to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile. Kolkata Kali temples- Kalighat temple, Dakshineswar temple and Adyapeath temple are the most attractive Kali temples in West Bengal. 

      This festival is celebrated with lights and sweets. This celebration involve meeting friends, relatives, family and feasting on homemade delicious foods. Some Diwali recipes are Samosa, Gulab jamun, Suji halwa, Paneer tikka, Chana ki Dal, Luchi, Pithas etc. Some burst crackers. But we should not burst crackers as it pollutes our environment. We should celebrate Diwali in an eco friendly way. We should buy an earthen lamps, Diyas, candles, make rangoli and decorating our house. 

      During Diwali, Hindu celebrates the meaning of life and its beauty. They believe that this festival guides them through the journey of life and that the light of God can rid evil and dark thoughts.

            🪔🕯️ HAPPY DIWALI🕯️🪔

HOME ALONE | Halloween Special | A Ghost Story | Sanghatikid

      I woke up alone that day. That day was 31st October, Halloween. I was so much excited to celebrate it. Before that I wished to listen a ghost story from mom. I asked for her but none replied. Then I called her.

"Mom, where are you?"

"I came to market to buy some vegetables for home."

"When will you come back?"

"Within 2 hours. Don't go outside and if anyone come then also don't go outside and say that mom is not in home....."

"Yes! Yes! I know these. I will follow everything. Bring some chocolates too. Bye."

"Bye, take care."

      The call hanged up. Then I brushed, went to toilet and done everything what I should do in the morning. My exams were just over the previous day so I have not touched the books. I started to watch my favourite show in my computer. But I could not concentrate in the show. I was feeling as if someone was standing beside me. More than 2 to 3 times I felt. Then at last I got irritated and closed the computer. Then I started to investigate who the creature was. I was little afraid. Suddenly I could see a Wizard's stick standing in front of me. I touched it and a ghostly creature came in front of me. I got scared. Then I asked-

"Who are you? Why did you come here?"

"You have touched my stick. No one is dare to touch it. How shameless you are!"

"Don't say me shameless. If you say then I will say you a idiot.

"What! I am not joking with you. You are gone, I will eat you."

     I started to come back. It was coming close and when it was coming to press my neck, I could heard a sound- "Wake up, it is 9 o'clock, still you are sleeping?"  That voice was of my mom. I woke up and sat still for 2 to 3 minutes. Then I understood that it was a dream. I got relief. Then I brushed my teeth and done everything what I should do in the morning. Then my mother said-

"Dress up fast!"

"Why?"

"We are going to your aunt's house. I have already take out your jeans and top from almirah. Be ready in 5 minutes."

"Ok!"

     I started to wear my clothes. After 3-5 minutes I become ready. Then we set out to go. In the road, I could see a man selling so many toys. Then I noticed that there was a Wizard's stick and it was completely same what I watched in my dream.

4 Easy Ways | How Can We Wake Up Early? | Make Habit | Sanghatikid

We know that waking up early is one of the best way to be more productive. It develops our memory and helps us to improve our concentration towards studies and many others. The following are some ways which will help you to wake up early :

1. Make a sleep schedule. Going to bed and waking up at the same time everyday is a must as it will train yourself to wake up.

2. Don't eat too much in dinner. If you eat then in your next morning you will feel lazy to wake up. So, have a healthy diet.

3. Set an alarm. Because it will force you out of your bed.

4. Go to bed earlier. Avoid electronic devices in the evening hours and gradually move your bedtime up until you are getting the recommended 8 hours of sleep.